家暴不家暴，一查便知道
近日，浙江义乌建立涉家庭暴力人员婚姻登记可查询制度。根据家庭暴力的程度，对发生家庭暴力达到一定程度的人员在婚姻登记领域进行注册，婚恋对象可查阅对方是否有家庭暴力的记录。
无注释原文：
China: City to let people getting married see their partner's abuse history
BBC
A city in eastern China is introducing a system that lets people getting married check if their partner has a history of abuse.
Yiwu, in Zhejiang province, is launching an inquiry service that will be available to residents from 1 July.
Popular news website The Paper says that people who are arranging to get married will soon be able to fill out a form, and see if their partners have any history of violence, "either between family members or during cohabitation".
All they need to do is provide a formal form of ID, and personal information on the person they are set to marry. One person is allowed to make a maximum of two inquiries a year, it is reported.
Zhou Danying, a member of the women's federation in the city, has welcomed the move, saying the system will help protect people in the city from domestic violence.
She told The Paper that the Domestic Violence Register database will begin by using information provided by the courts and public security organs from 2017 onwards.
The China Daily newspaper also notes approval from law professor Han Jin, who says this system "protects a person's right to be informed about the personality of their significant other before tying the knot".
The system has also been praised on Chinese social media, with many on the popular Sina Weibo microblog calling for it being rolled out nationwide.
Some say the new system should also include child abuse, noting that it is geared towards giving transparency of beatings and physical abuse, rather than sexual violence.
Domestic violence in China
There have been growing calls in China in recent years to recognise and hold accountable people who have a history of domestic violence.
Before 2001, physical abuse was not even grounds for divorce. Laws only came into effect making domestic violence punishable by law in March 2016.
Concerns about victims of domestic violence have been growing amid lockdowns during the Covid-19 epidemic. News website Sixth Tone noted police reports on domestic violence doubled or tripled in some areas while citizens were under lockdown.
Last month, fears about domestic violence victims grew after China made it more difficult for couples to divorce, introducing a new 30-day "cool-off" period to allow both parties time to rethink their decision.
Social media users at the time voiced fears that the law could lead to some people being coerced into backtracking, and it could deter victims from speaking out or leaving violent relationships.
The law, which will come into effect at the beginning of 2021, is not applicable to families with a history of domestic violence, however there were also concerns that not all cases can be detected.
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含注释全文：
China: City to let people getting married see their partner's abuse history
BBC
A city in eastern China is introducing a system that lets people getting married check if their partner has a history of abuse.
中国东部的一座城市正在引入一个制度，让结婚的人可以查询其伴侣是否有家暴史。
Yiwu, in Zhejiang province, is launching an inquiry service that will be available to residents from 1 July.
浙江省义乌市将从7月1日起开始向居民提供查询服务。
家暴
📍domestic violence：the situation in which someone you live with attacks you and tries to hurt you 家庭暴力，也可以说domestic abuse/family violence.
📍abuse可以作名词，也可以作动词，表示“虐待”，英文解释为“If someone is abused, they are treated cruelly and violently.”，也可以指“侮辱，辱骂，谩骂”（You can say that someone is abused if extremely rude and insulting things are said to them.）或者是“滥用，妄用”（to deliberately use something for the wrong purpose or for your own advantage），举个🌰：
He showed how the rich and powerful can abuse their position.
他揭露了有钱有势的人会如何滥用他们的地位。
Popular news website The Paper says that people who are arranging to get married will soon be able to fill out a form, and see if their partners have any history of violence, "either between family members or during cohabitation".
热门新闻网《澎湃新闻》（The Paper）称，准备结婚的人们将很快能够通过填写表格，查看其伴侣是否有任何暴力史，无论是“在家庭成员之间还是在同居期间”。
cohabitation
表示“同居；共栖；同居生活”，英文解释为“the act of living and having a sexual relationship with someone, especially someone you are not married to”。
All they need to do is provide a formal form of ID, and personal information on the person they are set to marry. One person is allowed to make a maximum of two inquiries a year, it is reported.
他们只需要提供一份正式的身份证明文件，以及准备结婚人的个人信息。据悉，一人一年最多可以查询两次。
Zhou Danying, a member of the women's federation in the city, has welcomed the move, saying the system will help protect people in the city from domestic violence.
义乌市妇女联合会党组成员周丹瑛对此举表示欢迎，她说，该制度有助于保护本市市民免受家庭暴力侵害。
welcome
作动词，表示“欣然接受；乐意接纳”，英文解释为“If you welcome an action, decision, or situation, you approve of it and are pleased that it has occurred.”举个🌰：
She welcomed this move.
她欣然接受了这一举措。
She told The Paper that the Domestic Violence Register database will begin by using information provided by the courts and public security organs from 2017 onwards.
她表示，家庭暴力注册登记数据库，主要是由法院和公安提供的从2017年开始统计的数据。
public security organs
公安机关
organ
熟词僻义，除了表示“（人体或动植物的）器官”，此处指的是“（官方的）机构，机关”，英文解释为“an official organization that is part of a larger organization and has a special purpose”如：the organs of government 政府机关。
onwards
通常用法：from ... onwards，表示“从...起来”，英文解释为“beginning at a particular time and continuing after it”如：from 7 a.m. onwards. 从早上7点起，from March onwards 从3月份起，from the 1850s onwards 从19世纪50年代等起。
The China Daily newspaper also notes approval from law professor Han Jin, who says this system "protects a person's right to be informed about the personality of their significant other before tying the knot".
《中国日报》（China Daily）指出，法学系讲师韩晋认为该制度具积极进步意义，它满足了男女双方在缔结婚姻前的知情权。
tie the knot
knot原意表示绳子的“结”（a join made by tying together two pieces or ends of string, rope, etc.）
因此，tie the knot字面意思就是“打结”，此处引申表示“结婚，喜结连理”，英文解释为“to get married”举个🌰：
So when are you two going to tie the knot?
那么你俩什么时候结婚呢？
🎬电影《泰迪熊2》（Ted 2）中的台词提到：Rick and I are actually about to tie the knot. 其实我们快要结婚了。
The system has also been praised on Chinese social media, with many on the popular Sina Weibo microblog calling for it being rolled out nationwide.
这一制度在中国社交媒体上也受到了好评，许多人在新浪微博上呼吁应在全国范围内推广这一制度。
roll out
1）表示“正式推出（新产品）；开展（新的政治运动）”，英文解释为“to officially make a new product available or start a new political campaign”举个🌰：
The new model is to be rolled out in July.
这种新型号将在七月份推向市场。
📍比如，微信正式支持深色模式文中提到微信推出深色模式：WeChat rolled out dark mode for Android version in a December beta update.
📍今年政府工作报告Part 12中就提到：We will support the rollout of e-commerce and express delivery services in rural areas to expand rural consumption. 支持电商、快递进农村，拓展农村消费。
2）roll out还有另一个含义，表示“将…轧平”，英文解释为“to make sth flat by pushing sth over it”举个🌰：
Roll out the pastry.
将油酥面团擀平。
🎬电影《老爸上战场》（Dad's Army）中刚好有这个例句：Shall I roll out the pastry? 我要把面团轧平吗？
Some say the new system should also include child abuse, noting that it is geared towards giving transparency of beatings and physical abuse, rather than sexual violence.
有人说，新制度还应涵盖虐待儿童，并指出该制度旨在提高殴打和身体虐待的透明度，而不是性暴力。
gear
be geared to/towards sth表示“旨在...；使适合于…；使与…相适应”，英文解释为“”举个🌰：
The programme is geared to preparing students for the world of work.
本计划旨在为学生开始就业作准备。
The resort is geared towards children.
这个旅游胜地适合儿童玩耍。
🎬电影《天使与魔鬼》（Angels & Demons）中的台词提到：Your project, it was geared towards energy research? 你的项目是和能源研究有关吗？
🎬电影《与狼共舞》（Dances with Wolves）中的台词提到：Most of my work has been geared toward creating the illusion of strength and stability. 我工作的绝大部分旨在创造一种强大而稳定的幻想。
There have been growing calls in China in recent years to recognise and hold accountable people who have a history of domestic violence.
近年来，指出有家庭暴力史的人并追究其责任，在中国的呼声越来越高。
accountable
表示“（对自己的决定、行为）负有责任，有说明义务”，英文解释为“responsible for your decisions or actions and expected to explain them when you are asked”举个🌰：
Someone must be held accountable for the killings.
必须有人要对这些凶杀事件负责。
Before 2001, physical abuse was not even grounds for divorce. Laws only came into effect making domestic violence punishable by law in March 2016.
在2001年之前，身体虐待甚至都不是离婚的理由。直到2016年3月，让家庭暴力受到制裁的法律才开始生效。
grounds
熟词僻义，ground作名词，表示“原因，根据，理由”，英文解释为“If something is grounds for a feeling or action, it is a reason for it. If you do something on the grounds of a particular thing, that thing is the reason for your action.”举个🌰：
In the interview he gave some grounds for optimism.
采访中他给出了一些乐观的理由。
We have grounds to believe that you have been lying to us.
我们有理由相信，你一直在对我们撒谎。
🎬电影《社交网络》（The Social Network）中的台词提到：-The lawyer is their father's house counsel.- Do they have grounds? - 那个律师是他们父亲的家庭顾问而已 - 他们有证据吗？
🎬电影《骄傲大联盟》（Pride）中的台词提到：if he has reasonable grounds to believe a crime is going to be committed 仅当他有合理依据相信一桩犯罪将会发生。
Concerns about victims of domestic violence have been growing amid lockdowns during the Covid-19 epidemic. News website Sixth Tone noted police reports on domestic violence doubled or tripled in some areas while citizens were under lockdown.
疫情期间，人们对家暴受害者的关注度越来越高。新闻网站Sixth Tone指出，据警方报告，疫情封锁期间，在某些地区的家庭暴力发生了两倍或三倍的增长。
epidemic
表示“流行病”，英文解释为“a large number of cases of a particular disease happening at the same time in a particular community”，如：the outbreak of a flu epidemic 流感的爆发。
另一个常见的：
📍pandemic表示“（全国或全球性）流行病；大流行病”，英文解释为“a disease that spreads over a whole country or the whole world ”。
Last month, fears about domestic violence victims grew after China made it more difficult for couples to divorce, introducing a new 30-day "cool-off" period to allow both parties time to rethink their decision.
上个月，中国出台了新的30天“离婚冷静期”，让双方有时间重新考虑自己的决定。此后人们对家暴受害者的担忧与日俱增。
a 30-day "cool-off" period
30天“冷静期”
cool-off
cool off动词短语，表示“变冷静”，英文解释为“If someone cools off, they become less angry than they were.”举个🌰：
We've got to give him some time to cool off.
我们必须给他时间让他冷静下来。
Social media users at the time voiced fears that the law could lead to some people being coerced into backtracking, and it could deter victims from speaking out or leaving violent relationships.
当时的社交媒体用户表示担心，这项法律可能会导致一些人受到胁迫而反悔，而且可能会阻止受害者说出或离开暴力关系。
coerce /kəʊˈɜːs/
表示“强制，强迫；威逼，胁迫”，英文解释为“to persuade someone forcefully to do something that they are unwilling to do”举个🌰：
They were coerced into negotiating a settlement.
他们被迫通过谈判解决。
🎬电影《美国队长2：寒冬战士》（Captain America: The Winter Soldier）中的台词提到：to coerce this council into delaying Project Insight. 强迫理事会延迟洞察计划。
🎬电影《变形金刚3》（Transformers: Dark of the Moon）中的台词提到：They infiltrate us, intimidate us, coerce us to do their dirty work. 他们潜入我们中间 恐吓我们 强迫我们干些不法勾当。
backtrack
1）表示“走回头路，原路返回”，英文解释为“to go back along a path that you have just followed”举个🌰：
We went the wrong way and had to backtrack till we got to the right turning.
我们走错了路，只好原路返回，直到找到正确的拐弯处。
2）表示“收回说法；改变意见；出尔反尔；退缩”，英文解释为“to say that you did not mean something you said earlier or say that you have changed your opinion”举个🌰：
"All right," he backtracked, "It's possible that I was mistaken."
“好吧，”他改变了态度说道：“我可能是错了。”
🎬电影《末日崩塌》（San Andreas）中的台词提到：那得原路返回大概一百多公里 Oh, ya gotta backtrack, maybe, seventy miles or so.
deter
表示“阻挠，阻止；威慑；使不敢”，英文解释为“to prevent someone from doing something or to make someone less enthusiastic about doing something by making it difficult for that person to do it or by threatening bad results if they do it”举个🌰：
High prices are deterring many young people from buying houses.
高昂的价格让很多年轻人对于买房望而却步。
🎬电影《杀手：代号47》（Hitman）中的台词提到：I, for one, will not let their cowardice deter me. 作为总统 为了一个人 我将一往无前。
🎬电影《孤独的生还者》（Lone Survivor）中的台词提到：If you do come under attack, use the appropriate force necessary to deter or defeat that threat. 如果遭受袭击使用适当的武力来制止或反击此威胁。
The law, which will come into effect at the beginning of 2021, is not applicable to families with a history of domestic violence, however there were also concerns that not all cases can be detected.
该法律将于2021年初生效，不适用于有家庭暴力史的家庭，然而也有人担心，并非所有案件都能被发现。
applicable
表示“生效的；适合的，适用的”，英文解释为“affecting or relating to a person or thing”举个🌰：
This part of the law is only applicable to companies employing more than five people.
该法律这一部分条款仅适用于有5名以上雇员的公司。
🎬电影《美丽心灵》（A Beautiful Mind）中的台词提到：To triumph, we need results. Publishable, applicable results. 为了争取胜利 我们需要结果 需要可以发表和适用的结果。
注：中文仅供参考，并非一一对应
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